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News 1News 2Coherent quantum electrodynamics in living matter Del Giudice, E. & Vitiello, G. et al INFN & University of Salerno Del Giudice considers that classical physics cannot explain the ordering of biological matter. He particularly stresses the problem of how chemical energy can be translated into mechanical energy in a biological system. He argues on the basis of the Carnot theorem, that in living matter this process would not have an efficiency of greater than 1%, whereas an efficiency of 50% is required. The need for some collective dynamic in biomolecules is thus based on thermodynamic principles. In classical physics, objects oscillate if a force is applied, but in quantum physic it is the nature of particles to oscillate. Fröhlich (1), Hepp & Lieb, (2) and Preparata, (3) have all explored the possibility of biological coherence. Coherent fluctuations can become coupled with the electromagnetic field. In particular, Fröhlich thought that coherence might play a major part in the dynamics of enzymes. The role of bound or ordered water is seen as important to biomolecules. In the presence of a protein chain, water molecules have their dipoles aligned with the dipoles of the biomolecules in the chain. The coherent oscillation of the water molecules is changed from being a three dimensional liquid to a one dimensional chain aligned to the biomolecules. This chain of water molecules attracts a second chain of ordered water further out and so on, although the ordering force diminishes as the layers move away from the original protein. Any excitation arising in the protein itself is trapped in it by the ordered water and forced to move in the direction of the protein. This process is viewed as a starting point for improved understanding of biological matter. References:- 1.) Fröhlich, H. Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 1968, 2(5), pp. 641-9 2.) Hepp, K. & Lieb, E. Superradiant phase transition for molecules in a quantised radiation field Annals of Physics, (1973), 76, pp. 360-404 3.) Preparata, G. QED coherence in matter World Scientific (1995) Del Giudice, E. et al Hamiltonian and superradiant phase transition Mod. Physical Letters B (1993), 7, pp. 1851-5 Del Giudice, E. & Preparata, G. et al Superradiance In: Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena, Eds. Clarke, T. et al World Scientific (1991) pp.167-173 Del Giudice, E. & Doglia, S. et al Electromagnetic interactions in living matter In: Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli Ed. Fröhlich, H. Springer Verlag (1988) pp. 49-84 Del Giudice, E. & Preparata, G. Coherent dynamics in water and membrane formation Journal of Biological Physics, (1994), 20, pp. 105-6 Del Giudice, E. & Preparata, G. A new QED picture of water In: Macroscopic Quantum Coherence Eds. Sassaroli, E. et al World Scientific (1998), pp. 108-129 |
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